if you're posting from work, and you have a fairly big lan (well, any sort of lan with an internet connection attached), then chances are the IP address you're posting from will have a reverse DNS with at least your ISP's name, if not your company's name.
If you're doing something illegal, or something that violates the terms & conditions of your ISP, the owners of the site can contact the ISP and say "we've got such and such IP address posting at such and such time", and your ISP can find out who the user was. The user was probably your company, and if their logs are half decent, they'll be able to trace it to you directly. (This is all true if you're using personal connections as well).
So yes, it's certainly possible to find out who you are based on IP address. It's sometimes just a matter of glancing at a log, sometimes it takes a bit more effort.
About the only way to aviod detection is to use some sort of anonymous browsing service... not sure how many of these are around anymore.